Low-flow fixtures have become an essential element of the water conservation movement. They can save a lot of water in a plumbing system. When tested under controlled laboratory conditions, a showerhead that dispensed 2.5 gallons per minute, which was typical for the era, was found to use 68% more water than a low-flow model that dispensed 1.5 gallons per minute (and still does, under today's regulation). By the same benchmark, ordinary faucet aerators use up to 25% more water (and energy) than the low-flow models we tested. For water-wasting toilets, the comparison is even starker. High-efficiency models can save you up to 80% in both water and energy usage compared to the standard models that predate them.
The savings that come from installing low-flow fixtures add up and can be quite impressive. Reduced-use bathroom and kitchen fixtures are the main culprits behind reduced-use toilet tanks. They have next to no impact on how and when homeowners use their bathroom and kitchen plumbing. All this plumbing can still be used in the same ways, and in fact can still be used in ways that might not conserve plumbing resources, except to say that a low-use fixture can probably be relied upon to be used in a low-fashion (in the sense of not using a large amount of water or energy). To that end, some "low-flow" fixtures can also be relied upon to be showering "with power."
In addition to their financial and environmental benefits, low-flow fixtures furnish enhanced functionality and design. Today's low-flow toilets, sinks, and showerheads are engineered to optimize water pressure, resulting in user satisfaction. Furthermore, these fixtures are often aesthetically pleasing—part of a bathroom or kitchen that one would show off to guests—that one wouldn't be embarrassed at all to use. It seems, in fact, that low-flow fixtures might be the most stylish way to save both water and money, making them a win all around. And yet, in the face of such technological advances, we still see several outdated high-water-use toilets in use today. If you can, swap them out.